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Some people say they don’t feel good after eating gluten – but perhaps that’s because of its effects on mental health rather than on the gut.

Gluten is a protein in wheat that causes coeliac disease – a serious autoimmune condition – in about 1 per cent of people. A further 12 per cent of people say they experience bloating, cramps, tiredness, depression and other symptoms after they eat gluten-rich foods like bread and pasta.

But researchers can’t agree whether this “non-coeliac gluten sensitivity” is a real condition or not. Several studies…